Ethical Dilemma (ethhics class) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Dilemma (ethhics class) - Essay Example Scott Thompson offered his services to the company, and subsequently managed the firm in a way that company growth and development was induced and subsequently realized. While it was unethical for the CEO to use fake documents for his employment at the company, the fact that the CEO successfully managed the firm cannot be refuted. The company faced an ethical dilemma relating to whether the CEO should be fired or maintained following his contribution to the firm. The available options are consequential in diverse and dynamic ways. Maintaining the CEO in his position would affect the employees in relation to honesty and dishonesty at work. Company subscribers were also at stake relating to company’s compliance with social, ethical, and legal requirements for hiring and firing of human resource (Jennings 153). In this respect, the company had a critical decision to make on this matter, and so did the

Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ralph Waldo Emerson - Essay Example Majority of Emerson’s works are in form of essays and poems. He published his first essay titled Nature in 1836 but he refrained from giving his name to the essay. The author of the essay was given as anonymous. In Nature, Emerson portrayed nature as a divine entity and its significance in the spiritual lives of human beings. He gave a meaning to the role played by nature in human lives. He describes the various facets of nature and its relation with wise man. â€Å"Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret, and lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit.† (Emerson Nature). Emerson also states his own experiences when he is in company of the nature. When he amidst nature, he feels the presence of God around him and he perceives himself as a part of God. â€Å"Standing on the bare ground, -- my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, -- all mean egoti sm vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.† (Emerson Nature).The spiritual aspect of nature which was a new concept to the American society was put forth by Emerson in his essay. In another essay focusing on nature, Emerson writes about the influence of nature in aiding human beings to free themselves from the bindings of the Church and society.

Development of Management Strategy for Growing Company

Development of Management Strategy for Growing Company Introduction Nowadays technologies are growing so fast that if we will not be able to adopt them in time, than our company becomes non-competitive. This project was done with an aim to apply gained knowledges in engineering and management course, to analyse how selected firm can be developed from engineering and management sides. Engineering studies will help from the one hand to apply engineering knowledges, but from the other hand to get known new technologies and how they make our life better. Universities experience in management and marketing studies will help to do analyses of rival companies and make clear how companys management can be improved or adopted from existing successful companies. There are two important processes in building construction, foundation and roof. Both constructions are equally important for building wellbeing. Foundation need to be designed and build up right in the beginning of construction, but roof need to be carry during all buildings life period. It means that roofs are every sequenced time of period that depends on material, need to be overlaid or repaired. On this theory was born projects engineering part. For projects object was selected a construction firm that focused on roof construction, its technologies and sheet metal works. By exploring roofing market will be determined its growing technologies with an aim to adopt them to selected firm. Exploring major roofing companies management, will help to improve chosen firm current way of management. Generally this project is based on roof technologies, management marketing research. Gained experience will be applied to chosen firm development in all directions. Aim Develop management strategy for a small company. Objectives 1. Literature review of management prescriptive strategy development: * Analysis of environment * Analysis of resources * Development of companys vision, mission and objective * Types of management strategies 2. Choose a company with an aim to apply management strategy 3. Literature review of chosen company 4. Develop management strategy to the chosen company 5. Develop additional management improvements 6. Conclusion Strategic Management Essence of Strategic Management According to the Emergent view there are strategist that suggest that it is hard to predict future and strategy need to be more dynamic with an element of risk. The Prescriptive view Strategic management is about defining a purpose and plans of organisation and work out the actions to achieve desired purposes. The essence of Strategic Management consist from two levels that are shown in Figure 1 and described below : * General corporate level Decision making process depends from in what type of business company belong. The leadership and culture of corporation are very important strategy management. * Individual business level Decision making process generally based on competing for customers, generating value from tangible and intangible business resources and focus on resources that can bring competitive advantage. Strategy is about relations of internal capabilities and external relationships. Figure 1 Essence of Strategic Management (Lynch, p5, 2010) (Lynch, p5, 2010) Approaches to Strategic Management There are exist two different approaches to strategy: Prescriptive and Emergent approach. The prescriptive approach Approach is based on idea that future is predictable and strategy development begins from Where-we-are now and all objectives and steps how implement ideas are developed. The prescriptive theory have three core areas: Strategic analysis, Strategic development and Strategy implementation. All three areas are closely related sequentially. The prescriptive strategy development process shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 The prescriptive strategic process (Lynch, p19, 2010) The emergent approach Approach is based on view that strategy emerges and developed during further period of time based on unpredictable environment. The final objective of emergent approach is unclear and objectives are developed during its realisation. Strategic analysis, Strategic development and Strategy implementation are interrelated. But because strategy is implemented by improvisation and allow mistakes, it is not need to make clear distinction in development and implementation phases. The prescriptive strategy development process shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 The emergent strategic process (Lynch, p19, 2010) Analysis of Environment Analysis of environment is a research of everything and everyone in external environment. It includes suppliers, customers, competitors, government, technologies etc. There are exist nine different tools how environment can be analysed and they are shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. Environment analysis tools (Lynch, p74, 2010) Environment basics There are three basic things that should be analysed: * Market definition and size Question need to be asked in this area is What is the size of market?. It is important to know market size because it will help to design strategy objectives. Market size usually shown in annual sales.  · Market growth After establishing market definition and size need to evaluate how much the market has grown in particular period of time, usually in a year. Market growth rate will influence strategy objectives. Organization that would like to grow quickly will be interested in fast growing market  · Market share It can be defined as ratio of all sales in a market that is detained by particular company. There are different ways how market share can be measured, but most important of them are Sales revenue and Sales volume. (tutor2u) (Lynch, p79, 2010) Degree of turbulence It is important to evaluate external conditions of organisation, specially dynamic of environment. In strategy environment will have high degree of turbulence it will be hard to apply analytical techniques. Environmental forces that influence organisation: * Changeability Degree of environment changeability that shows rate how external factors likely to change. Changeability splits further in such factors: o Complexity Degree of complexity of such factors as internationalisation, technological, social and political. o Novelty Degree of how often new situations influence environment. * Predictability Degree of how changeable environment is predictable. Predictability is subdivided in two categories: o Rate of change How fast environment changes. Usually rated from slow to fast. o Visibility of future Based on previous experience determine how predictable is future. Figure 5. Dynamics of environment. (Lynch, p81, 2010) After doing analysis of factors above will be possible see how stable will be strategy for particular environment. In predictable environment with low turbulence can be used prescriptive approach. In case of high turbulence better to use Emergent approach because of high rate of change where designed objectives can lose their value in short period of time. PESTEL analysis PESTEL is checklist type analysis that is widely used to analyse environment in different directions. Analysis rely on past experience and events that after listing can be used to forecast future or apply them on company improvement design. Factors that need to be discovered in PESTEL analysis:  · Political: o Government policy o Regulations  · Economical o World trends o GDP o Inflation o Unemployment o Energy costs  · Social o Changes in lifestyle o Demographic o Customer demand o Population o Culture  · Technological o Patents and products o Technology development o Speed and change of technologies o Innovations  · Environmental o Public opinion o Green issues o Recyclability o Renewable energy  · Legacy o Law o Health and Safety (Lynch, p82, 2010) Industry life cycle Entity of strategy will change as company move from one life cycle phase to another. In the Introduction phase, company try to attract interest in new product. As product became more recognizable and increase in demand than industry moves into next phase called Growth and with demand increase amount of competitors. Over time when market is saturated and most customers are satisfied with product life cycle proceed to Maturity phase where growth is slowed down. Few competitors may join in this phase, but hard to survive because of high competition. After Maturity phase cycle start to Decline. Whole process is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6. Stages of industry cycle. (Lynch, p87, 2010) Company have more opportunity to survive and gain more profit in life cycle early ages while entry barriers are low and there are only few competitors. But it is hard to determine the beginning of life cycle because if its unpredictable duration. (Lynch, p87, 2010) Key factors for success The Japanese strategist Kenichi Ohmae argue that for successful strategy organisation should define key factors for success that will help to define objectives more correctly. Key factors are resources such as skills, labour, experience or attributes that can bring competitive advantage to organisation. Key factors can be determined not only from internal advantages but also designed based on external environment. There are three factors need to be analysed:  · Customers What exactly customers want? Who are they? Are there any special segments? Why they buy from us? Need to be evaluated (Lynch, p95, 2010): o Price o Service o Product or service reliability o Quality o Technical specification o Branding  · Competition What factors help company to compete successfully? Who are our competitors? What factors influence competition? Need to be evaluated (Lynch, p95, 2010): o Cost comparison o Price comparison o Quality issues o Market dominance o Service o Distributors  · Corporation Companies technologies, organisational ability and marketing? Key resources of our competitors? Need to be evaluated (Lynch, p96, 2010): o Low-cost operations o Economies of scale o Labour costs o Production output levels o Quality operations o Innovative ability o Labour/Management relations o Technologies and copyright o Skills (Lynch, p94, 2010): Porters five forces One of the most important organisation analysis that need to be performed is evaluating environment forces that influence particular company. Such evaluation will help to gain better competitive advantage than rivals. Professor Michael Porter provide model (Figure 7) that helps evaluate forces that will help to understand organisation opportunities. Figure 7. Porters five forces model (Lynch, p95, 2010) The bargaining power of suppliers Every organisation require raw materials to produce product or service it mean that organisation depend from raw material suppliers. There are shown how suppliers can influence organisation: * If there are few suppliers it means that it is hard to switch to another supplier in case supplier is exert its power. * There are no substitute raw materials that supplier provide. * Organisation costs depend from suppliers price. If supplier increase price for provided material than costs will increase and organisation need decide: increase product price or not. Increased price can lead to lose of competitive advantage but if price stay the same that profit will be smaller. The bargaining power of buyers To make a profit organisation sell their products or service to customers. Every customer have need, wants and own opinion about particular product. Organisation should make customer power analysis to understand who have more influence over other. There are some issues: * There are only few buyers. Organisation have weak position and generally depend from customers and want to attract them as more as possible. In this case customers can easily influence organisation. * Product or service is undifferentiated. Customer can easily switch to product offered from other organisation. The threat of new entrants Entrance of new rivals is possible whet profit margins are attractive and entry barriers are low. Porter argue that there are seven factors that influence entry barriers: 1. Economies of scale Production cost are reducing when product volume significantly increased. These cost reductions provide entry barriers, because company entered in such market forced to keep small price to be competitive. 2. Product differentiation Brand, level of service, attracted customers provide entry barrier because by entering in such market will lead to spend extra funds and time to make new brand more recognizable and establish in the market. 3. Capital requirements Entrance in some markets require investment in technologies equipment, distribution etc. 4. Switching costs When customer is satisfied with provided service or product he is not thinking about other products and it is hard and require high investments to influence customers opinion. 5. Access to distribution channels Production need to be effectively distributed. It takes long time to establish own distribution channels and make it work profitably. 6. Cost disadvantages independent of scale Already established companies invested hardly in infrastructure and gained mayor buyers in the market. It becomes hard for new company to find what to start with, because infrastructure is already established and it is hard to involve changes. 7. Government policy Government tend to secure local companies and publish law that defend them. The threats of substitutes Substitutes is something that can replace a product or service usually provided for smaller price. Things that need to be analysed relative to substitutes: * Customer ability to switch to the substitute * The possible threat of obsolescence * What costs will provide switching to substitute Rivalry among existing firms Some markets and companies are more competitive than others. There are thing that need to be analysed (Model of competition): * Number of competitors * Size of competitors * Growth rate * Product differentiation (Lynch, p97-101, 2010): Four links analysis Most organisations links together to perform better with other companies help. Co-operation can lead such factors: * Reduce costs * Increase organisations sustainability * Open new market sectors The Co-operation usually divided in four subgroups that help more clearly define co-operation type and how it might be improved:  · Informal co-operative links and networks The organisation links and co-operates together on mutual basis without contract. The analysis need to be made to find out what opportunities will provide such link. Usually analysis contain from strengths and weaknesses. Need to pay attention by forming mutual contract because in case fraud it will be hard to prove that particular company is right.  · Formal co-operative links Formal co-operation is linked with legal contract. The difference from informal co-operation is in degree of formality. Such links usually form alliance or joint ventures that works together for many years to gain competitive advantage over rivals and take more market share.  · Complementors The Complementors are companies that supply products that add value to final product. Usually such co-operation is based on several companies that provide different skills and resources that work together on manufacturing of one product. Such organisations have interdependence between themselves.  · Government links and networks The organisations that have linkage with government. (Lynch, p102-105, 2010) Competitor analysis In most markets there are more than one competitor. It is hard to evaluate each of them and because usually it is done by taking few companies and making narrow evaluation. It will help to understand what advantages and disadvantages compare to organisation rivals have. Broad analysis of competitors and their power helps to find their forces. Basic analysis will consist from making competitor profile based on such issues:  · Objective An analysis of competitors objectives help to forecast its strategy. If competitor tend to gain market share then probably will start to implement aggressive strategy. If seeking profit growth than possibly competitor will invest hardly in new plant or improve technologies. Every objective can help to forecast rivals action. Companies annual statements can be useful in evaluating but need to be analysed wit attention because of factor of bluffing.  · Resources The type, size and amount of resources that provide competitive advantage to company need to be analysed.  · Past record of performance Can provide companys successful performance that can be adopted.  · Current products and services  · Links with other organisations Evaluate links, alliances and other types of co-operation than deliver competitive advantage.  · Present strategies Innovation, customers, investments, market share, product range etc. Evaluate how such things used for strategy purposes. Customer analysis Customer is crucial resource of company profit income. Any company will always be interested in as more as possible customer attraction. There are measurements that can be used in customer analysis: * Identification of the customer and market * Market segmentation and its strategic implications * The role of customers service and quality Previously market was based on Mass marketing theory where one product was sold to all customers. Nowadays is used Targeted marketing where company aims on particular market segment and provide product or service only for this segment. Market segmentation can deliver more opportunities to strategy: * Particular segments can be more profitable than others * Some segments can have less competitors that can provide competitive advantage * Some segments can have higher growing rate. (Lynch, p107-108, 2010) Analysis of resources and capabilities Analysis of resources and capabilities gives not only opportunity to look how resources provide competitive advantage but also help understand two important things: * How resources can provide higher profit and better service * Which resources provide competitive advantage and how they can they be improved all time. There are two way that goes interdependent: Value added and Sustainable competitive advantage (Figure 8). Path of resource analysis (Lynch, p119, 2010) Resources and Capabilities Resources and capabilities analysis aim is to recognize where is value added resources and explore what resources deliver competitive advantage to company. There are four questions need to be addressed to company with regard to resources and capability analysis (Lynch, p122, 2010): 1. What kind of resources and capabilities company own? 2. Why organisation have these resources? 3. Why they are important and what advantage they deliver to company? 4. How they can be improved? Figure 9 Sequence of resources and capabilities analysis (Lynch, p122, 2010) Analysis of resources and capabilities starts with full range analysis of resources. It is hard because of some resources are hard to measure. Resources and capabilities can be divided in three categories (Lynch, p123, 2010):  · Tangible resources Are physical resources that contribute to companies value added. These can be modern equipment, location, etc.  · Intangible resources Resources that have no physical presence. It can be companies recognisable brand name, culture, skills level etc.  · Organisational capabilities Such resources as management or leadership that manage tangible and intangible resources. Value added The role of resources in company is to add value and gain profit. The value adding process shown in Figure 10 and can be defined as the difference between product output price and the costs of input. Figure 10. Add Value process (Lynch, p130, 2010) The Value chain The value chain is a value of all activities that is linked with functional parts. Each part makes contribution in value add process. Company perform two types of activity that add value to product or service: Primary activities and support activities. Primary is activities that process itself. Support activities are performed by management and human resources. Porter designed companys value chain process that is shown in Figure 11. Where margin is difference between Total Value and Cost of performance Figure 11. The value chain (Lynch, p132, 2010) The primary activities add value to company by its own way and they are(Lynch, p132-133, 2010):  · Inbound logistics The areas that related to receiving raw materials and goods from suppliers, storing them till they will be required, moving and carrying within company.  · Operations The production area where products or services being produced.  · Outbound logistics The distribution of final product to customers. It is about transportation, warehousing, wrapping etc.  · Marketing and sales Analysis of customers needs and wants and deliver to customers information about what product or service company offer.  · Service It is about before product selling pre installation or after selling service. The support activities:  · Procurement The person or department that is responsible for purchasing raw materials or goods. The goods need to be purchased for as low as possible price and highest quality.  · Technology development The important are that need to be updated all the time.  · Human resource management Training, recruitment, management improvement, employees motivation is important for companies success.  · Firm infrastructure Background planning and control of system. The value system Every company have own value chain and at the same time belong to wide system that involve supply and distribution chain and customers chain. The competitive advantage can deliver suppliers that supply better goods to you rather than rival organisations. The value chain need to be evaluated and improved. Sources of competitive advantage (Lynch, p147, 2010): * Differentiation The development of exclusive feature or service that could appeal particular market. * Low costs Development of low cost product or service can attract more customers. * Niche marketing Concentration on particular market and distinguish and provide all necessary to appeal customers from this market. * High performance or technology Improved performance and customers needs satisfaction better than competitors will provide growth in the market share.  · Quality Provide quality that competitors not able to match. * Service Provide service that competitors not able to match. * Vertical integration The backward acquisition of raw material suppliers can increate competitive advantage. * Synergy The combination a parts of business that together could deliver better result success and profit than separate. * Culture leadership and style of an organisation The way how company is organised and managed. The good managed company will lead to employees satisfaction and improve their attitude to company. It will improve service, quality and deliver good environment for innovation. Resource based sustainable competitive advantage There are seven resource elements that can deliver sustainable competitive advantage:  · Prior or acquired resources Easier to create value on already available to company strengths rather than start from beginning.  · Innovative capability The innovation is important because it can deliver competitive advantage and improve entity.  · Being truly competitive Identify resources strength and opportunity is not enough because they need to be comparatively better than competitors as well.  · Sustainability Resources are more competitive if they dont have and cannot be substituted.  · Appropriability Resources must deliver success only to individual company, but not shared among others.  · Durability Good resources should last as long as possible. There is no reason to identify a competitive resources if they are not sustainable.  · Imitiability Resources should be hard to imitate. Defined resources need to be classified in hierarchy of resources (Figure 12) by their importance and delivered competitive advantage. Figure 12 Hierarchy of resources (Lynch, p151, 2010) Improving competitive advantage There are three methods how resources and capabilities can be improved (Lynch, p158-160, 2010): * Benchmarking Compare practice and experience with other companies and identify what improvements can be performed. The compared industry can be perform another kind of job, need to be copied only companies principles of operation. * Leveraging Exploit companies resources fully. That method can be subdivided in 5 prescriptive routes: 1. Concentration Focusing companys resources on the key objectives. 2. Conservation Exploit every resource or aspect available to company. 3. Accumulation Evaluate fully resources of company and use it where appropriate. 4. Complementarity Analyse resources with an aim to combine them. New combination can deliver competitive advantage. 5. Recovery Make sure that all resources generate produce as quickly as possible. * Upgrading resources The resource analysis can show that an organisation is losing its competitive advantage, so resources and technologies need to upgraded. Vision, Mission and objective of the company. Strategy purpose is explored by established mission and objectives of company. To identify mission and objective need to be evaluated why company exist and how value adding can be generated? Additionally need to be explored companys vision based on opportunities and how it can be evaluated. The purpose of the organisation The purposes of organisation need to be defined clearly otherwise it will be hard to establish proper strategy. To define purpose more clearly need to be considered six questions (Lynch, p221-226, 2010): 1. What is our activity and what should it be?  · Need to be considered the area of activity is it business or non-profit organisation?  · Evaluate what company is focused on should company concentrate on the purpose or it can be broad?  · Do company focuses on profit or diversifying? That issue can be defined broad or narrow.  · Usually strategists define purposes based on the competitive resources of company. 2. What kind of organisation do we wish to be?  · The company usually chose one of two areas: o Culture and style Organisations chose this area based on previous experience and developed history. o Challenges to be posed to members of the organisation. 3. What is relative importance of shareholders and stakeholders?  · Some companies purpose is to satisfy shareholders wealth. 4. Do we want to grow organisation?  · Is company growth is included in purpose or it should stay the same size? 5. What is our relationship with our immediate environment and with society in general?  · The purpose need to be considered with environment within which company perform. In immediate environment need to be assumed such factors as turbulence, competition etc. Society in general is about pressures that influence company. 6. How do we bring all these consideration together?  · The summary of purposes need to be stated in few sentences that will specifically describe. Vision for the future It is imagination of company that stakeholders, shareholders or owned would like to see it after a period of time. There are two views on the values that need to be explored to develop a strategy: * The irrelevance of strategic vision For approaching short-term goals strategic vision can be not performed. * The value of strategic vision Vision is a challenging and imaginative picture of the future role and objectives of an organisation, significantly going beyond its current environment and competitive position (Lynch, p227, 2010). There are a lot of reasons to develop a strategic vision and most important is that the vision is going far in future than organisation is and help to develop purposes how to get there. New vision can help to develop mission and objectives. The mission The mission of an organisation outlines the broad directions that it should and will follow and briefly summarises the reasoning and value that lie behind it (Lynch, p236, 2010). The mission need to be defined based on previously explored purposes. In prescriptive strategy mission is set to be realised in next few years. The role of mission is to develop direction which company will follow and try to realise. There are five elements of the mission statement that need to be explored and chosen appropriate: 1. Explore the nature of the company. In this case can be asked such questions as What business are company in? and What is desired business for company? 2. The mission should be developed from customers point of view rather than companys. 3. The mission should show the basic values and beliefs of the company. 4. The elements of sustainable competitive advantages need to be shown in the mission. 5. The mission need to show the particular reason for its choice to realise. The objectives Objectives are the aims that need to be realised to implement the mission. This process cover what and when is need to be done. In most cases objectives should be quantified and measurable, but sometimes such objectives as ethic, employee or customer satisfaction is hard to measure. Company should apply any measurements to hard measurable objectives with an aim to get a feedback how successfully they implemented. Usually companies set objectives in two areas: 1. Financial objectives Such as profit, cash flow, earnings per share etc. 2. Strategic objectives Such as customer satisfaction, market share, product quality etc. (Lynch, p242, 2010). Strategy options development When the purpose of company is defined need to develop a strategy options how to achieve it. After options development need to chose more suitable and that will bring advantage. SWOT analysis As a starting point of strategy options development can be summarising current position using SWOT analysis. SWOT is analysis that helps to find companys internal Strengths and Weaknesses, and external Op

Schizophrenia :: essays research papers

Schizophrenia is a class of disorders characterized by fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, or behavior. It is also known as a "split mind"; the person is in a world that has nothing to do with everyday experiences. One to one and a half percent of the U.S. population will be diagnosed with it sometime over the course of their lives. Schizophrenia has a pattern of unique and predictable symptoms. There are two main types of symptoms: positive and negative symptoms. The positive symptoms are delusions or hallucinations; negative symptoms are deficits in behavior or an inability to express emotion. But what exactly are these symptoms and are they easy to detect? The more obvious types of symptoms are the positive. One characteristic that is often experienced is delusions, which are known as thoughts with meanings that are unrealistic. For example, people with this disorder tend to believe that they are someone else in disguise such as Elvis or Jesus. Another type of delusion is the delusion of grandeur, which is when an individual believes that they are more important than they actually are. A less common but very real type of delusion is a delusion of persecution, which is when an individual is convinced that others are plotting against him. But even more severe is perceptions known as hallucinations. Hallucinations are perceptions that can not possibly be real because there is nothing external to support them; however, to the person affected, they can be heard, seen, or even felt. Some individuals may see objects change shape or size, which is not very unusual for someone with schizophrenia. On some occasions, individuals claim to hear voices in their heads, telling them to do or say certain things. These voices appear to be so real, that in some instances individuals where known to have committed suicide because that's what the voice told them to do. Less obvious than the positive symptoms but equally serious are the negative symptoms. It is very common for a person to show flat affect, which means they show little or no emotional reaction. If someone shows a person with this disorder an extremely funny movie or a very sad picture, they are unlikely to even smile or shed a tear. People with schizophrenia also refuse to participate in basic everyday activities. They may refuse to eat or wash themselves. Some other symptoms that are less common are disorganized speech and catatonia.

1987 Constitution Interpretation Essay

By the 1850’s The Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had become a source of sectional discord and tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union it had created. This is all shown by the misinterpretations of the Constitution and documents that followed on many occasions and topics. The Constitution was never explained to how it was meant to be interpreted, which cause many disagreements, which ultimately started sectionalism, which is the loyalty to interests or views in one’s region of a country rather than the views or interests of the country as a whole. Sectionalism kick started the idea of sucession from the union, which started the bloodiest war on american soil, the Civil War. The misinterpretation on the views of slavery was the biggest argument as shown in multiple documents, (Document E), â€Å"To the Argument, that the word ‘slaves’ and ‘slavery’ are not to be found in the Constitution, and therefore it was never intended to give any protection or countenance to the slave system, it is sufficient to reply, that no such words are continued in the instrument, other words were used, intelligently and specifically, to meet the necessities of slavery.† This basically means that the constitution could have many interpretations on the basis that no â€Å"right† interpretation was ever stated.There were many feuds between documents following the Constitution such as the Compromise of 1850 as show in in the map of (Document A) where the country is broken into 2 parts, not unified because of slavery, along with the Fugitive Slave Law, (Document D)

Smoking And Health Outcomes Health And Social Care Essay

This essay will try to analyze assorted articles in order to try replying four chief inquiries go arounding around smoking and wellness results. Specific mentions will be made to Anu Katainen s article: Social category differences in the histories of smoking â€Å" endeavoring for differentiation? The four chief inquiries revolve around how different groups account for their smoke and how societal factors, category factors and personal positions influence facets of smoke and wellness results.Question 1: How different groups account for their smokePrevious surveies have suggested that smoke is a pick and that the research participants in these surveies emphasise the positive points of smoke and restrain every bit far as possible from speaking about their dependence and the negative points of smoke ( Katainen 2010:1091 ) . In this treatment we will specifically mention to Katainen s research survey. The focal point of Katainen survey was on the cultural and societal facets of smoke ( Katainen 2010:1090 ) . Her survey consisted out of interviews conducted with two groups viz. manual and non-manual workers, aged between 24 and 58, the workers came from diverse work environments ( Katainen 2010:1090 ) . The interviews covered two chief subjects existent smoke behavior and the significances which attributed to smoking ( Katainen 2010:1090 ) . First we will discourse the consequences of the non-manual workers. The first determination in Katainen s ( 2010:1091 ) survey provinces that non-manual workers link smoking with E?pleasurable minutes. Non-manual workers do non merely see smoking portion of mundane life but besides see it as a memorabilia to singular minutes in life ( Katainen 2010:1091 ) . The one respondent expressed the followers: It s like a small bead of A ¦like the concluding touch at some fantastic minutes ( Katainen 2010:1091 ) . The following determination was singular, the respondents considered their smoke as an single wont and emphasised their ain individualism ( Katainen 2010:1091 ) . They province that their smoke cues were non dependant on others ( Katainen 2010:1092 ) . This was interesting due to the fact that it is by and large accepted that smoke is a societal dependence. The respondents refrained from lending to any generalizations or stereotypes ( Katainen 2010:1092 ) . This determination was besides applicable to white-collar respondents, who found it hard to depict or categorize themselves ( Katainen 2010:1092 ) . Another noteworthy find was that no category differentiations were made associating to smoking but differentiations were instead made associating to smoking wonts ( Katainen 2010:1092 ) . An illustration made, was that for certain participants smoking in the smoke room, at the work topographic point, was considered uncomfortable, and these participants would see their smoke as different from the other tobacco users being their smoke was a voluntary act and the other tobacco users smoking was more a modus operandi or an dependence ( Katainen 2010:1093 ) . Adding on to the above mentioned were besides the white-collar respondents who made a clear division between functional smoke and everyday smoke ( Katainen 2010:1093 ) . Smoke was considered more acceptable if it had a map ( e.g. relaxation after a nerve-racking state of affairs ) and less acceptable when it was done routinely ( e.g. smoking whilst walking indicates dependence ) ( Katainen 2010:1093 ) . Although it may look that the respondents all considered smoke in a positive manner there was an exclusion with two respondents, who had a negative attitude towards their ain smoke ( Katainen 2010:1093 ) . In general middle-class respondents viewed their ain smoke as witting Acts of the Apostless and reacted with disgust towards anybody who could non command their E?appetites ( Katainen 2010:1093-1094 ) . Next we will discourse the consequences of the manual workers. In researching the manual workers histories for smoke, consequences proved to be most surprising. Positive concluding such as rebellion, independency and wont which is associated with smoke was expected to correlate with the motive of manual workers but these premises were proven incorrect to some grade ( Katainen 2010:1094 ) . The first positive motive mentioned for smoke was in the instance of work context, for these respondents smoking provided a legitimate ground for interruption every bit good as protracting interruptions ( Katainen 2010:1093-1094-1095 ) . Harmonizing to the respondents the most important ground for their smoke was relaxation, for emphasis and anxiousness increased their smoke wont ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . For illustration the one respondent, Antti ( R49 ) , said that smoke helps quiet you in minutes when something truly pisses you off ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . Another positive facet of smoke was the sociableness of smoke ; it made it easier to acquire acquainted with other workers ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . Smoke was at its most gratifying when uniting coffin nails with java ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . Although there are a batch of similarities between the positive facets of smoke for both manual and non-manual workers the bulk of results remain different ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . When discoursing the facets of smoking with manual workers they were more inclined to portray the negative facets of smoke and found it hard to portray positive facets of smoke ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . This can be clearly seen through the interviews conducted with two of the respondents ( Katainen 2010:1096 ) : Int: Why do you smoke? R50: That s a good inquiry [ laughs ] ! I don t know. It s merely a bad wont. I don t hold anything wise to state about it. Int: Don t you think there s anything positive in smoke? R50: Well I haven t found anything positive yet. I can t believe what could be positive about it. ( 39-year-old male, building worker ) Int: Why do you smoke? R54: Because I m dependent on nicotine. It s every bit simple as that. It s a wont. ( 27-year- old female, building worker ) Non-manual workers accounted for their smoke through justifications and manual workers accounted for their smoke through alibis ( Katainen 2010:1096 ) . For white-collar workers smoking was a witting act/decision ; blue-collar workers on the other manus described it as compulsive, rooted in day-to-day modus operandis and merely happened ( Katainen 2010:1096-1097 ) . Thus the important point that differentiates manual workers from non-manual workers is the manner in which they account for their smoke ( Katainen 2010:1097 ) . There are multiple grounds why these histories differ the five chief facets are the undermentioned. First the different working environments of the two groups have a major impact, for smoke is more common in manual work environments ( Katainen 2010:1097 ) . Second the sum of coffin nails smoked on a day-to-day footing differs greatly among the two groups and thirdly the deficiency of justifications among manual workers every bit good as the accent on negative facets has another great influence ( Katainen 2010:1097 ) . The following major impact was the interviewees because they were female and the male respondents most probably would reply their inquiries in a manner that would do them sound good and hence go forth a good feeling ( Katainen 2010:1098 ) .Then in conclusion the inactive positions among the manual workers have a great influence over their thought procedures ( Katainen 2010:1098 ) . [ Word count: 1002 ]Question 2: Identify societal factors runing in the logical thinking behind smokeIn general it has been proposed that the ground behind the societal differences account for smoke is that educated people are more concerned about wellness related issues and therefore are more goaded to give up smoke ( Katainen 2010:1088 ) . Contradictory to the above mentioned, the latest surveies on category and wellness reveal that all societal groups consider wellness every bit of import but the ways in which these groups execute this importance differs ( Katainen 2010:1088 ) . The upper categories consider wellness as a norm that should be achieved which is reflected in day-to-day patterns, where lower categories consider wellness as enabling day-to-day modus operandis. In her article Katainen ( 2010:1088 ) references that it is of import to detect that surveies on wellness behavior may overrate the significance of witting wellness considerations in mundane life. Terminology used in wellness research may differ from nomenclature used in mundane life for illustration ; habitus termed as E?health behavior, in wellness research, is in mundane life more likely to be governed by modus operandis, cultural forms and societal patterns, than made by a witting attempt to better one s wellness as suggested by wellness research ( Katainen 2010:1088 ) . Habitus is E?the manner society becomes deposited in individuals in the signifier of permanent temperaments ( Wacquant 2005: 316 ) . For Katainen ( 2010:1089 ) Bourdieu s construct of habitus A ¦for the different societal groups, it serves as a common frame of reading through which action becomes apprehensible, based on shared life conditions and life events ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . In contrast to this habitus has besides been critiqued for being excessively deterministic, people are more cognizant of the regulations and determiners of societal life, more than Bourdieu seemed to presume ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . Another point Katainen makes is when mentioning to the societal significance of patterns and its ability to bespeak societal distance, which is derived from the place it has in the system of objects and patterns and is non derived from the built-in belongings of the pattern ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) , therefore it is of import obtaining objects and holding complete cognition on their use but besides the manner of gestating them in relation to others ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . This returns to health-related affairs being personal thoughts of one s behavior every bit good as people actively negociating their topographic point in the universe and constructing and keeping their societal individualities as Katainen ( 2010:1089 ) acknowledged. Through her interviews Katainen besides observed that for some participants smoke was a socialising tool assisting them to do friends and acquire to cognize people ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . To back up the above mentioned Katainen ( 2010:1097 ) besides states that a societal environment in which smoke is really common and, in a sense, axiomatic, may easy ease its continuation without break, and accordingly does non make the demand to warrant the wont. One can reason that smoke has a broad scope of societal factors that contributes to persons taking up smoke every bit good as halting it. These factors range from personal issues to societal surroundings for illustration ; smoke can come from personal wonts, civilization, and instruction to socialization tools. [ Word count: 502 ]Question 3: Address the function of category in wellness resultIn this inquiry we will discourse three articles of three separate writers viz. Katainen, Henry and Stacey. We will get down with Katainen. In her research Katainen ( 2010:1087 ) provinces that it is by and large accepted that in-between and upper categories tend to populate long healthy lives whereas lower categories tend to populate short lives filled with unwellness. Although certain research workers consider category and societal classs as disentangled from the modern twenty-four hours issues, smoking provides the cogent evidence of the uninterrupted importance of category ( Katainen 2010:1087 ) . In Western states smoking seems to be a tendency under the lower socioeconomic groups bespeaking to inequalities in wellness ( Katainen 2010:1087-1088 ) . Harmonizing to the habitus construct, people s behavior and determinations are affected by their life conditions ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . Where people live will bespeak what they can afford, their penchants and what is appropriate for their category ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . For illustration a truck driver eating heavy, fatty repasts and a immature white-collar adult female preferring a light salad: the rightness of certain wonts is related to the single s societal place ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) Smoking inclinations do non merely alteration because of wellness but besides by the image one wants to portray to society ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . Next we will look at Paul Henry s article ( 2001 ) : An Examination of the Pathways Through Which Social Class Impacts Health Outcomes. In his article Henry ( 2001:07 ) discusses the different motives for the continuation of smoke ( Henry 2001:07 ) . The most important influence among the lower categories was that of equal force per unit area ( Henry 2001:07 ) . Amongst the higher upper categories wellness was considered an inherently of import norm ( Henry 2001:07 ) . Upper classes tend to see good wellness as something you must accomplish, a end to work towards whereas lower category viewed good wellness as a means-to-an-end ( Henry 2001:07 ) . For lower categories wellness was valued in the sense that it allowed them to work and hold fiscal stableness ( Henry 2001:07 ) . This could be best described through the comparing of an upper category single exercise and eating healthy ( good wellness demands to be gained and maintained ) whereas the lower category person would see good wellness as merely doing it through the twenty-four hours peacefully without unneeded strains ( Henry 2001:07 ) . The last article we will be discoursing is that of Stacey, M. ( 1998 ) : The Plurality of Mending Systems in Tudor and Stuart England. In her survey Stacey researched category systems in the late 1970 s. In this epoch there was a clear category and gender division which had a major impact on wellness results. Peoples populating in the towns had a greater assortment of wellness attention than people populating in the countryside who were dependent on common people therapists ( Stacey 1998:39 ) . Well off people, who could pay, had a broad assortment of knowing physicians ( elect doctors ) although fees sometimes differ ( Stacey 1998:39 ) . The hapless were left to depend on cunning common people and assorted therapists go forthing them to a hapless diagnostic and intervention ( Stacey 1998:39 ) . Back in this epoch it is of import to besides observe gender division. Womans were left to run the families and hence had a greater duty of wellness care and Restoration for the whole household for the greatest sum of mending took topographic point at place ( Stacey 1998:39 ) . Here gender and category overlapped for lower category housewives all had similar accomplishments and cognition and therefore were dependent on upper category neighbors, for upper category homemakers had more cognition and accomplishments and hence ministered their poorer neighbors every bit good as their ain families ( Stacey 1998:39 ) .One can reason that over the old ages category has and will stay an of import factor in wellness results. ( Word count: 597 )Question 4: What societal factors influence and determine your determinations about wellness picksThere is a assortment of societal factors which influence my positions and determinations go arounding around wellness issues more specifically smoking. The first most of import fact I must edify you with, in order for you to understand my motives, is that I am a non-smoker. The first influence would be through societal establishments viz. household and faiths. Family and faith are the two chief facets which shapes an person into who they are. I was brought up in a conservative yet unfastened minded Christian family. My parents taught me it was incorrect to smoke and demo disrespect towards others, my faith Tells me, through the Ten Commandments, to esteem and obey my parents. These two societal establishments act as a signifier of societal control. My parents were fondly and my faith cost me no injury and therefore I had no demand to arise against them. The 2nd and most of import societal influence was my instruction. I have learned the undermentioned list of facts over the old ages. First baccy consists out of 4500 chemicals, the chief toxicants in baccy are ; a ) Cd ( auto batteries ) , B ) DDT ( insect powder ) , c ) H nitrile ( gas Chamberss ) , vitamin D ) methylbenzene ( industrial dissolver ) , e ) vinyl chloride ( plastics ) ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Tobacco besides consists out of 43 unknown carcinogens which are malignant neoplastic disease doing agents ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Smoking well increases the hazard of TB ( TB ) and decease ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Smoking besides causes the undermentioned diseases viz. : malignant neoplastic disease of the oral cavity, lingua, lip, nasal, salivary secretory organs, voice box and the lungs every bit good as sphacelus ; shots ; redness of the oculus and unnatural motions of the oculus ; cataracts and psoriasis ( National Council Against S moking ) . Another danger which is caused via smoke is second-hand fume. Second-hand fume consists out of 4000 chemicals where merely 250 are known and 50 % are known to do malignant neoplastic disease ( National Council Against Smoking ) . The most noteworthy chemicals are 1 ) arsenous anhydride ( a heavy metal toxin ) , 2 ) benzine ( a chemical found in gasolene ) , 3 ) Cd ( a metal used in batteries ) , 4 ) Cr ( a metallic component ) , 5 ) Ni ( a metallic component ) , 6 ) Po â€Å" 210 ( a chemical component that gives off radiation ) , 7 ) vinyl chloride ( a toxic substance used in plastics industry ) ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Second-smoke besides causes a assortment of unwellnesss under which is TB and a battalion of malignant neoplastic diseases ( National Council Against Smoking ) . The last influences are of a personal nature I am a terpsichorean ( concert dance and modern ) and as seen in the above mentioned smoking causes multiple wellness jobs. Dancing is my manner of loosen uping and maintaining fit and for that one needs a healthy organic structure. I besides suffer from asthma and smoke will merely decline my asthma and coerce me to halt the thing I love in life dance. In my household we are besides susceptible to malignant neoplastic disease and smoke doubles my opportunities of developing malignant neoplastic disease. The above mentioned can be associate to all wellness issues and non merely smoking [ Word count: 500 ]DecisionOne can clearly observe that through the eras category has remained an of import factor when act uponing wellness results. Another important determination is that all the assorted writers had the same position point affecting the lower and upper category differentiations. The lower categories viewed wellness as an mundane experience, where the upper categories viewed wellness as a end something to work towards, an purpose that needs to be achieved. Lower categories accounted for their smoke as an unmanageable desire and identified their wont most comfortably with negative facets. The upper categories viewed smoke as a witting act or determination and identified their wont most comfortably with positive facets. There were assorted similarities between the two groups but the most cardinal similarity was that both groups viewed smoke as a relaxation tool. Social factors, including societal establishments and societal control measurings, play an every bit of im port function as subscriber to get down or halt smoke every bit good as to wellness results. The last of import factor is that these surveies provided the grounds to turn out generalizations and pigeonholing incorrect till a certain grade.

Essays Comparing Poems

Essays Comparing Poems Essays Comparing Poems The students should at least know some examples of the modern poetry, which can be helpful for further education of people. The modern and well-educated person should be aware of different knowledge and in different spheres of persons life. From this point of view, the person should better write essays comparing poems, as in this case not only some poetical views may be taken into account but also students writing skills on this or that topic. The essay comparison is of great help while evaluating the level of this or that essay and students should be aware of it and ready to eradicate the mistakes in the next kind of written task: Essay comparing poems: possible mistakes and challenges! When writing essay comparing poems, the person should understand the main topic of both or several poems under analysis and be sure that the present process will be helpful for them. In other words, the persons working on this task should understand the real nature of this or that topic and be sure to exchange the material and be ready to compare both poems that are important for them. As for the mistakes and challenges in the present process, people should also take into account some of them, such as it is quite difficult to find some of the poems needed for the proper analysis, besides, the teachers can give some difficult poems for analysis and not that easy for understanding by students. Essay comparing poems: are students ready for this task? When the students are given the task to write essays comparing poems, they immediately look on the topic and on the poems under analysis, as this is quite necessary for them in this case and this is the key element of the whole task. The essay comparison may be quite helpful for the process of motivation among students and also for the whole process of writing an essay on this or that topic. A person is free to choose the poems, as in this case the person is free to compare the poems they like and understand most of all, but on the other case there are periods of time when the teacher choose them for students and there is no other choice. Students should not only choose the poems, which are interesting and have the same theme, this facilitates the process of writing and also makes it easier for students to compare the tasks, Besides, the essays comparing poems are difficult to implement if the person does not know at least some information concerning the poetry, so it is advisable while having this task the person should prepare for it properly. Compare poems and refine your poetic taste! The essays comparing poems are quite helpful for people, as in this case they not only provide the proper implementation of the task combined with the poetry and developing the students poetic taste, but also the writing skills of people. Read also: Term Paper on Cholesterol and Lipids Term Paper 15 Pages Non-Plagiarized Term Papers Islamic Religion Term Paper How to Write a Term Paper

Timeline of American Involvement in Wars

Timeline of American Involvement in Wars Americans have been involved with wars both large and small since before the founding of the nation. The first such war, sometimes called  Metacom’s Rebellion or King Philips War, lasted 14 months and destroyed 14 towns. The war, tiny by todays standards, ended when Metacom (the Pokunoket chief called ‘King Philip’ by the English), was beheaded. The most recent war, Americas engagement in Afghanistan and Iraq following the 2001 attack on the World Trade Center, is the most protracted war in American history and shows no sign of ending. Wars over the years have changed dramatically, and American involvement has varied. For example, many of the earliest American wars were fought on  American soil. 20th-century wars such as World Wars I and II, by contrast, were fought overseas; few American on the home front saw any type of direct engagement. While the attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II and the attack on the World Trade Center in 2001 resulted in American deaths, the most recent war fought on American soil was the Civil War which ended in 1865–more than 150 years ago. Chart of Wars With American Involvement   In addition to the named wars and conflicts listed below, members of the American military (and some civilians) have played small but active roles in many other international conflicts.   Dates War in Which American Colonists orUnited States Citizens Officially Participated Major Combatants July 4, 1675–August 12, 1676 King Philip's War New England Colonies vs. Wampanoag, Narragansett, and Nipmuck Indians 1689–1697 King William's War The English Colonies vs. France 1702–1713 Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession) The English Colonies vs. France 1744–1748 King George's War (War of Austrian Succession) The French Colonies vs. Great Britain 1756–1763 French and Indian War(Seven Years War) The French Colonies vs. Great Britain 1759–1761 Cherokee War English Colonists vs. Cherokee Indians 1775–1783 American Revolution English Colonists vs. Great Britain 1798–1800 Franco-American Naval War United States vs. France 1801–1805; 1815 Barbary Wars United States vs. Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli 1812–1815 War of 1812 United States vs. Great Britain 1813–1814 Creek War United States vs. Creek Indians 1836 War of Texas Independence Texas vs. Mexico 1846–1848 Mexican-American War United States vs. Mexico 1861–1865 U.S. Civil War Union vs. Confederacy 1898 Spanish-American War United States vs. Spain 1914–1918 World War I Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary vs. Triple Entente: Britain, France, and Russia. The United States joined on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917. 1939-1945 World War II Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan vs. Major Allied Powers: United States, Great Britain, France, and Russia 1950–1953 Korean War United States (as part of the United Nations) and South Korea vs. North Korea and Communist China 1960–1975 Vietnam War United States and South Vietnam vs. North Vietnam 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion United States vs. Cuba 1983 Grenada United States Intervention 1989 US Invasion of Panama United States vs. Panama 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War United States and Coalition Forces vs. Iraq 1995–1996 Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina United States as part of NATO acted peacekeepers in former Yugoslavia 2001–present Invasion of Afghanistan United States and Coalition Forces vs. the Taliban regime in Afghanistan to fight terrorism. 2003–2011 Invasion of Iraq United States and Coalition Forces vs. Iraq 2004–present War in Northwest Pakistan United States vs. Pakstan, mainly drone attacks 2007–present Somalia and Northeastern Kenya United States and Coalition forces vs. al-Shabaab militants 2009–2016 Operation Ocean Shield (Indian Ocean) NATO allies vs. Somali pirates 2011 Intervention in Libya US and NATO allies vs. Libya 2011–2017 Lord's Resistance Army US and allies against the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda 2014–2017 US-led Intervention in Iraq US and coalition forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria 2014–present US-led intervention in Syria US and coalition forces against al-Qaeda, Isis, and Syria 2015–present Yemeni Civil War Saudi-led coalition and US, France and Kingdom against the Houthi rebels, Supreme Political Council in Yemen and allies 2015–present US intervention in Libya US and Libya against ISIS

Definition and Examples of Panegyric

Definition and Examples of Panegyric In rhetoric, panegyric is a speech or written composition that offers praise for an individual or an institution: an encomium or eulogy. Adjective: panegyrical. Contrast with invective. In classical rhetoric, the panegyric was recognized as a form of ceremonial discourse (epideictic rhetoric) and was commonly practiced as a rhetorical exercise. Etymology From the Greek, public assembly Examples and Observations Isocrates Panegyric at the Panhellenic FestivalNow the founders of our great festivals are justly praised for handing down to us a custom by which, having proclaimed a truce and resolved our pending quarrels, we come together in one place, where, as we make our prayers and sacrifices in common, we are reminded of the kinship which exists among us and are made to feel more kindly towards each other for the future, reviving our old friendships and establishing new ties. And neither to common men nor to those of superior gifts is the time so spent idle and profitless, but in the concourse of the Greeks the latter have the opportunity to display their prowess, the former to behold these contending against each other in the games; and no one lacks zest for the festival, but all find in it that which flatters their pride, the spectators when they see the athletes exert themselves for their benefit, the athletes when they reflect that all the world is come to gaze upon them.(Isocrates, Pane gyricus, 380 B.C.) Shakespearean PanegyricThis royal throne of kings, this scepterd isle,This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars,This other Eden, demi-paradise,This fortress built by Nature for herselfAgainst infection and the hand of war,This happy breed of men, this little world,This precious stone set in the silver sea,Which serves it in the office of a wall,Or as a moat defensive to a house,Against the envy of less happier lands,This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England . . ..(John of Gaunt in William Shakespeares King  Richard II,  Act 2, Scene 1)Elements of Classical PanegyricsIsocrates may have been the first to give a specific name to speeches given at such gatherings by naming his famous appeal for Hellenic unity Panegyrikos in 380 B.C.E. This was Isocrates most famous composition and may well have popularized the use of the term generically to refer to festival speeches . . ..[George A.] Kennedy lists what became the traditional elements in such speeches: A panegyric, the t echnical name for a festival speech, consists normally of praise for the god associated with the festival, praise of the city in which the festival is held, praise of the contest itself and of the crown awarded, and finally, praise of the king or officials in charge (1963, 167). However, an examination of panegyric speeches prior to Aristotles Rhetoric reveals an additional characteristic: early panegyrics contained an unmistakeable deliberative dimension. That is, they were openly political in orientation and aimed at encouraging the audience to follow a course of action.(Edward Schiappa, The Beginnings of Rhetorical Theory in Classical Greece. Yale Univ. Press, 1999) Amplification in Classical PanegyricsOver time, moral virtues came to be seen in Greco-Roman political philosophies as canonical, and panegyrics in both languages were regularly founded on a canon of four virtues, usually justice, courage, temperance and wisdom (Seager 1984; S. Braund 1998: 56-7). Aristotles main rhetorical recommendation is that the virtues be amplified, that is, expanded, by narrative (of actions and achievements) and comparisons (Rh. 1.9.38). The Rhetorica as Alexandrum is less philosophical and more practical in its advice; amplification remains the key ambition for the panegyrist, in an attempt to maximize the positive and minimize the negative content of the speech; and invention is urged, if need be (Rh. Al. 3). Thus from democratic and monarchic contexts, Greece left a substantial and varied endowment of panegyrical material, in prose and verse, serious and light-hearted, theoretical and applied.(Roger Rees, Panegyric. A Companion to Roman Rhetoric, ed. by Wi lliam J. Dominik and Jon Hall. Blackwell, 2007) Cicero on PanegyricsCauses are subdivided into two categories, one that aims at giving pleasure and a second that has as its goal the demonstration of a case. An example of the first type of cause is the panegyric, which is concerned with praise and blame. A panegyric does not establish doubtful propositions; rather it amplifies what is already known. Words should be chosen for their brilliance in a panegyric.(Cicero, De Partitione Oratoria, 46 B.C.)Fulsome PraiseThomas Blount defined panegyric in his Glossographia of 1656 as A licentious kind of speaking or oration, in the praise and commendation of Kings, or other great persons, wherein some falsities are joyned with many flatteries. And in fact panegyrists strove for a double goal, working to popularize imperial policy while hoping to restrain the abuses of power.(Shadi Bartsch, Panegyric. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. by Thomas O. Sloane. Oxford Univ. Press, 2001) Pronunciation: pan-eh-JIR-ek

Choosing the Best Tax Entity for a Small Business Essay

Choosing the Best Tax Entity for a Small Business - Essay Example For this reason, the article recommends this type of entity to first time business owners. On the negative side, however, sole proprietorships face "unlimited personal liability" and "15.3% self-employment tax on all earnings up to $80,400." If the business is legally risky, the personal liability issue is a major obstacle. A general partnership, on the other hand, is characterized by Anthony as "a good way to participate in a venture with other individuals without having to deal with payroll issues." The partners also have great freedom in the distribution of profits amongst themselves as long as a consensus is reached. Nevertheless, this entity shares the problem of self-employment tax with sole proprietorships, and all partners can be held liable for the actions of the others. The central benefit of an S corporation is that there is "no Social Security or Medicare taxes on profits or dividends from the corporation to shareholders." However, the business owners' benefits are not deductible. In a C corporation, on the other hand, all health insurance is deductible, and there is access to a lower tax rate for profits kept in the corporation.

Summary of an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Summary of an article - Essay Example She then cited the issue of education. The trend identified was that there are more women graduating in college than men and that their career trajectory runs parallel with the growth of the knowledge economy. What this means, for Luscombe, is that women (who claims a big part in keeping the partnership strong) are no longer dependent on marriage because of their financial independence. She pointed out that two-thirds of divorces were initiated by wives. Finally, Luscombe concluded that marriage as the ultimate "merit badge" for successful personal life is no longer true. She argued that more and more people found that those things that can make them happy like sex life, companionship and children could all be achieved outside of the wedlock. All in all, Luscombe was quite persuasive with her arguments. She cited solid evidences to back her points. However, she fails to comprehensively address the marriage issue. She has recognized that it is an institution and, certainly, it takes more than money or economics to erode how people perceive it. While it is valid to say marriage is losing its appeal, it is important to cover all dimensions in explaining such

Analysis of the Agency's Policies, Procedures, and Plans Regarding Essay

Analysis of the Agency's Policies, Procedures, and Plans Regarding Unions, Privatization, Pensions, and Productivity - Essay Example Agency and Unions: The USCIS recognizes the Federation of American Government employees (AFGE) as a union that offers collective bargaining services to all employees of the organization who are not professionals. However, USCICS does not recognize senior management of the organization, professional employees, and any employee who is excluded from such kind of coverage by the labor relations statute, the Civil Service Reform act, and chapter 71 of the 5 USC, as part of the employees who are under the protection of AFGE (Tischauser, 2012). On this basis, the agreement between AFGE, and USIS to recognize the labor union as the exclusive agency responsible for protecting unprofessional employees from the organization was certified by the labor relations authority. This was in case number WA-RP-06-0008 and this was for the purposes of promoting the principles of collective bargaining between the agency, and its junior employees (Bjorklund, 2012). The USCIS under the guidance of 5 USC 7106 has created a policy whereby in any negotiation with labor unions, the agency will not compromise on the following areas of its operations (Homeland Security, 2012). i. In the determination of its budget, mission, internal security practices, number of employees, and the organization of the agency. ii. Hiring of employees, their retention, disciplinary actions, and their suspension from service due to their inefficiencies in service delivery. iii. In taking actions for purposes of carrying out the objectives of the organization during situations of emergencies. The USCIS while negotiating with AFGE agrees to allow the labor union to have a representation in any formal discussions between the representatives of the agency, and the unprofessional employees. This is irrespective of the number of employees under consideration. These formal meetings will occur if there are grievances amongst the various employees of the organization, and as such, the presence of labor officials will be needed (Doak, 2012). The agency will also supply the union with an advance notice of the impending meeting, and the documents containing the grievances of the unprofessional employees of the agency. On this basis, the agency would seek the corporation of AFGE in resolving their various disputes with its unprofessional employees. Agency and Privatization: One of the policies of the agency is to privatize some federal support positions that are found within the USCIS offices in New York, Newark, Los Angeles, and Miami. The functions that USCIS plans to privatize include the offices that deal with the processing and handling of asylum claims. In as much as the senior leadership of USCIS advocates for the privatization of these offices, junior and middle level employees are against the privatization of these kinds of offices. This is because they argue that these offices are very sensitive, and they require a high degree of confidentiality. On this basis, privatizing the functionalities of offices that deal with asylum could risk the lives of asylum seekers (UCSIS, 2007). This is because the information concerning the asylum seekers could fall into the wrong hands, and hence endanger the person seeking asylum, and his or her family. Furthermore, middle level and junior employees argue that the support staff found at the federal asylum offices perform a

Argument analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument analysis - Essay Example It has been proven that obesity is connected with how easily affordable unhealthy foods are in comparison to fruits, vegetables, and healthier meats. However, there is nothing to suggest that only poor people are the ones buying the foods that are bad for the human body. Most people, regardless of their economic status, enjoy the tastes of many of these fattening snacks, such as chips and candy, and obtaining these has nothing to do with cost. If anything, if a person is rich or poor will only determine how many bags of chips or other unhealthy foods they will buy; a rich person is more liable to buy more since they can afford it. Since poor people can afford less, more of their money would go towards proper foods, like meats, instead of junk foods that cannot make meals. Cullen brings up the point that there are more convenience stores and gas stations than there are grocery stores. Convenience stores and gas stations carry only a small variety of food, â€Å"Chef Boyardee but not baby carrots (Cullen).† In lower-income neighborhoods, these places might be more common than a grocery store, but that does not mean that poor people are unwilling to drive a few extra miles to shop at a grocery store. When most people go shopping for food, regardless of the money they have, they go where they need to so that they may get what they want. If poor people want steaks, they will go and buy steaks; if rich people want hotdogs, they will buy hotdogs. Being rich or poor has nothing to do with the type of food people are willing to eat, and therefore cannot be considered a cause of obesity. Regardless of how much money a person is making, obesity is everywhere, and I find it hard to believe that every one of these obese people is poor. Each person, taking away the factor of money, will have similar eating habits as someone else. Poor people may prefer the cheaper food, but rich people can still afford more, especially of the cheap, unhealthy food. Though Cullen makes many good points, a lot of them seem to be assumptions or opinions. Her argument could be strengthened if she used citable facts and statistics to prove her points. When Is Thin Too Thin? The fashion industry is an important one, designing and displaying the fashion that will one day grace the presence of our outlet malls and fashion boutiques. Fashion models are used to present those clothes in the way that their designers intended them to be worn. As Eric Wilson points out in his article â€Å"When Is Thin Too Thin?,† part of the vision of these designers involves ghastly underweight women as the models to display these fashions. The designers of these fashions, as well as many of the agents that hire the models, claim that there is nothing wrong with the weight or health of these women. This is despite the fact that prospectors at fashion shows have the ability of counting every rib on many of the models. Beauty has blurred the line between healthy and unhealthy, and this perception needs to change. â€Å"Underweight models [and] fashion shows perpetuate an unhealthy image of beauty, encouraging eating disorders among young women (Wilson).† Women are staving themselves for their work and they are being praised for it, receiving positive feedback and proclamations of beauty. Unfortunately, this is not even the worst part. Shockingly enough, many

Collapse of Lehman Brothers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collapse of Lehman Brothers - Term Paper Example The company was experiencing a mass exit by clients, dramatic fall in stock value and asset devaluation. Their bid for bankruptcy protection was the largest in the world history. Corporate Malfeasance Corporate malfeasance is a legal concept that denotes the art of falsely manipulating accounts such that the financial position of a company appears stable and progressive. Following their collapse, top executives of former corporate giants, such as WorldCom, Enron and AIG, faced civil suits and criminal charges with allegations of corporate malfeasance. Corporate malfeasance was one of the leading causes for the collapse of Lehman in light of the financial crisis of the late 2000. James Cramer calls the Lehman’s malfeasance case ‘financial engineering’ (Cramer 2). He believes that with the knowledge of top officials, CFOs and CEO Dick Fuld, the accounting department manipulated the financial records in a bid to make the company appear more venerable to attract inves tors and retain clients. Lehman’s financial engineering had gone on for a few years amid growing worries among top officials that the company was over-leveraged. The advice of chief financial officers and other top officials spearheaded the ‘financial engineering’ gimmick through counterfeit records to hide Lehman’s vulnerability to collapse (Taibbi 98). Sources retrieved from the Wall Street Journal indicate that CEO Fuld was aware of the imminent collapse. He was manipulated by a clique of shadowy bankers and top investors who wanted to be overnight billionaires by urging him to make money-losing decisions. Corporate malfeasance did not go far. The truth eventually emerged and Lehman’s estimated $619 billion debt was exposed. This was after the audit report of a court-appointed financial examiner was released. Fuld had admitted in writing that he had commissioned the financial engineering gimmick as a systematic ploy of buying the company more tim e. This was by creating â€Å"a materially misleading picture of the firm’s financial condition in late 2007 to 2008† (Cramer 2). Lehman’s accounting gimmick dubbed ‘repo 105’ allowed the sale of company securities through a signed obligation to re-purchase them after a while so that they can do so at a lower price. This would temporarily remove such asset securities from the balance sheet. Likewise, the untimely sale of securities allowed the influx of liquid cash into the bank thus effectively lowering financial coverage ratios. These subtle and corrupt financial gimmicks were done behind closed doors keeping investors and other stakeholders in the oblivion (Sorkin 8). The US Housing/ Subprime Mortgage Crisis Economic experts link Lehman’s predicament to the bursting the housing or real estate market bubble in the U.S in the summer of 2008. The untimely subprime mortgage crisis was another leading cause for the collapse of Lehman Brothers I nc. In 2007, the real estate market in the U.S had registered a remarkable progress amid the housing bubble. Housing prices soared, reached the elastic limit and Wall Street began to experience a huge increase in home foreclosure rates and equally high subprime mortgage delinquencies. Subsequently, securities backed by mortgages declined significantly. The steep decline made re-financing very difficult.

B202A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

B202A - Essay Example Opportunities for career growth abound in the organization for employees to achieve self-actualization. Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation suggests that ‘motivators’ deal with aspects of work and include work, promotion, achievement, responsibility and recognition whereas ‘hygiene factors’ deal with the context in which the work is rendered and includes working conditions, interpersonal relations and supervision. Amongst Kellogg’s various initiatives to make the organization a good place to work and a desirable employer of choice, the company has a ‘Fit for Life’ program that enables employees to use fitness centers, get free health checks as well as annual fitness assessments. The company uses flexi-time, home working, part-time working, job sharing, career breaks, parental leave et al. as motivators. Herzbergs hygiene factors correspond to Maslows physiological, safety and social needs (basic pay, work conditions) whereas Herzbergs motivators corresponds to Maslows esteem and self-actualisation needs (recognition, growth, achievement). Employees are often cited as the most importance resource that an organization has. Motivated employees go that extra mile to ensure that their organization is ahead of competition. Having a motivated work force accords numerous benefits to an organization: Save Costs: Motivated employees are more involved in their work. They tend to go beyond the call of their duty, apply their minds and suggest product and/or process improvements for the organization. Any such innovative idea given by the motivated workforce has the potency to save massive amounts of money for the organization. Reduction in Employee Turnover: Employee turnover costs an organization dearly. In case the replacement is not found immediately, it may hamper the smooth functioning of the organization. In addition to the time and money

Collapse of Lehman Brothers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collapse of Lehman Brothers - Term Paper Example The company was experiencing a mass exit by clients, dramatic fall in stock value and asset devaluation. Their bid for bankruptcy protection was the largest in the world history. Corporate Malfeasance Corporate malfeasance is a legal concept that denotes the art of falsely manipulating accounts such that the financial position of a company appears stable and progressive. Following their collapse, top executives of former corporate giants, such as WorldCom, Enron and AIG, faced civil suits and criminal charges with allegations of corporate malfeasance. Corporate malfeasance was one of the leading causes for the collapse of Lehman in light of the financial crisis of the late 2000. James Cramer calls the Lehman’s malfeasance case ‘financial engineering’ (Cramer 2). He believes that with the knowledge of top officials, CFOs and CEO Dick Fuld, the accounting department manipulated the financial records in a bid to make the company appear more venerable to attract inves tors and retain clients. Lehman’s financial engineering had gone on for a few years amid growing worries among top officials that the company was over-leveraged. The advice of chief financial officers and other top officials spearheaded the ‘financial engineering’ gimmick through counterfeit records to hide Lehman’s vulnerability to collapse (Taibbi 98). Sources retrieved from the Wall Street Journal indicate that CEO Fuld was aware of the imminent collapse. He was manipulated by a clique of shadowy bankers and top investors who wanted to be overnight billionaires by urging him to make money-losing decisions. Corporate malfeasance did not go far. The truth eventually emerged and Lehman’s estimated $619 billion debt was exposed. This was after the audit report of a court-appointed financial examiner was released. Fuld had admitted in writing that he had commissioned the financial engineering gimmick as a systematic ploy of buying the company more tim e. This was by creating â€Å"a materially misleading picture of the firm’s financial condition in late 2007 to 2008† (Cramer 2). Lehman’s accounting gimmick dubbed ‘repo 105’ allowed the sale of company securities through a signed obligation to re-purchase them after a while so that they can do so at a lower price. This would temporarily remove such asset securities from the balance sheet. Likewise, the untimely sale of securities allowed the influx of liquid cash into the bank thus effectively lowering financial coverage ratios. These subtle and corrupt financial gimmicks were done behind closed doors keeping investors and other stakeholders in the oblivion (Sorkin 8). The US Housing/ Subprime Mortgage Crisis Economic experts link Lehman’s predicament to the bursting the housing or real estate market bubble in the U.S in the summer of 2008. The untimely subprime mortgage crisis was another leading cause for the collapse of Lehman Brothers I nc. In 2007, the real estate market in the U.S had registered a remarkable progress amid the housing bubble. Housing prices soared, reached the elastic limit and Wall Street began to experience a huge increase in home foreclosure rates and equally high subprime mortgage delinquencies. Subsequently, securities backed by mortgages declined significantly. The steep decline made re-financing very difficult.

Basic Education Curriculum Essay Example for Free

Basic Education Curriculum Essay The Revised Basic Education Curriculum (RBEC) is on its 7th year of implementation this school year 2005-2006 with slight modifications, with emphasis to rubrics/student performance as basis of grading system. Teachers are required to prepare their syllabus based on the objectives of the revised Basic Education Curriculum. Lesson plans were also patterned and organized to meet the objectives of the implemented curriculum. All test items; tables of specifications were prepared and/or updated. Demonstration teachings were conducted for staff development during school level workshop. Department heads make periodic observation of classes to monitor the implementation of the RBEC. Integration method, collaborative teaching, peer teaching, team teaching, motor activities, visual as well as oral activities in classes were noted and observed. Mentoring is also being practiced.

Seeing As Being Prepared To See Philosophy Essay

Seeing As Being Prepared To See Philosophy Essay Ralph Waldo Emerson says aptly: People only see what they are prepared to see  [1]  . It means that people will only see thing as they want it to be. On the other hand, it simply means that we see things as we are. Why could not we see things as they are instead as we are? Therefore, how can we be sure that what we perceive now is the way it is supposed to be? The reasons of why this happened because of the ways of knowing. There are four ways of knowing that can misled our seeing and understanding of the things which are perception, reason, emotion and language. But however without them, we cannot create knowledge of reality and truth because brain does not have a direct contact to the real world. It is somehow these ways of knowing do help us to see and understand things as they are but just to a certain extent. Therefore, in this essay, I intend to discuss to what extent we see and understand things not as they are but as we are. Language is a conventional code of symbols that allows a sender to formulate a message that can be understood by a receiver. How we see things is strongly influenced by our language and our seeing also makes influence on our thinking. Therefore, our thinking cannot be separated from our language and even we could say that our language limits our thinking. According to the Linguistic Relativity Theory, an individuals nature language determines the way the individual thinks and perceives the world which also can bewitch the intelligences  [2]  . One example is infinite monkey theorem. This theorem states that a monkey hitting keys at random on a typewriter keyboard for an infinite amount of time will almost surely type a particularly chosen text, such as the complete works of William Shakespeare  [3]  . People always misinterpret by the true meaning of this theorem (by linguistic and perception). With the picture of the chimpanzee typing a typewriter will cause people to regard and value it as an art. People may have thought that the picture of the chimpanzee is the same as the Cassius Marcellus Coolidges work of his paintings in the dogs playing poker  [4]  genre. But the truth is the picture and the theorem is all about Mathematics that illustrates the perils of reasoning about infinity by thinking a vast but finite number and vice versa From the context, the words of almost surely is a mathematical term with precise meaning and the monkey is not an actual monkey but it is a metaphor for an abstract devices that produces a random sequences of letters ad infinitum. At first we really do see it not as the theorem but instead as the art of the monkey. It is because the sense of our sight which is perception and the language gi ve us false idea of what the theorem really is. Hence, the language itself will limit our seeing and understanding things not as they are but as we are. Unless we already study about the theorem beforehand, we will know what the picture of chimpanzee and the context of the sentence of the theorem are trying to convey the meaning. So, we will see the theorem as it is but not as we are. This implies that many words have no true meaning; rather they have so many different meanings which can only be appreciated in context. Therefore, we must be aware of the true meaning to be able to use a word accurately because word can mean so many things in so many situations that require us to perceive it based on our knowledge and experiences which are often being limited by our senses. So, one must understand the context, or background, in which a word is used to have a grasp on the meaning of the word itself. Understanding the context of a word is nearly as important as an understanding of the word itself, as the situation controls to a degree how the word will be used.The result would be language which is far more clear, precise, and less mislea ding, or bewitching. When language free of most problems it would make it an even greater tool and developing better understanding and knowledge through this communication, ultimately it would help us to see things as they are. Moving on to science, I believe there is always a new paradigm to it due to scientists see things as (we are) where suppose they should have see things as they are. Why does paradigm changes from time to time? Does paradigm occur because of we (scientists) see and understand things not as they are but as we are (scientists)? According to the historian of science, Thomas Kuhn, paradigm is the word refers to the set of practices that defines a scientific discipline at any particular period of time.  [5]  In other words, scientists have always work based on their paradigm which is a normal science of that particular scientific community. Normal science is an assumption (might be deceived by the perception, emotion and reasoning) that the scientific community knows what the world is like. So, scientists will adjust and modify their paradigm if falsifications become apparent but consistently stay within it. Eventually, there comes a point when new observations are no longer compatible with the existing paradigms. From here the revolution occurs and new paradigm will replace the old one. All this is happening because the paradigm itself is a human construct and all the scientific observations are made by using our human senses, human intelligences and human rationality which the ways of knowing are necessary in these processes. However, these ways of knowing (perception, emotion, language and reasoning) that exist among scientists can limit their capabilities to see things as they are. Therefore, scientists will always come about with new ideas, assumptions and theory that cause the amendments of the paradigm. To further up, according to Kuhns book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions  [6]  , he said that the perception of the world depends on how the percipient conceives the world where two scientists who witness the same phenomenon and are steeped in two radically different theories will see two different things. One of the examples is the ideas of the Charles Darwin and Abbot Gregor Johann Mendel about the inherited characteristics from two parents into their child  [7]  . Darwin suggested that the characteristics of the mother and father were blended to produce a child who looks similar to both. Abbot Gregor Johann Mendel developed theories over seven years by studying and testing pea plants. In the 1930s, the Mendels conjectures, The Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment were found correct after the genetics and research into inheriting traits began to be investigated. On the other hand, Darwins speculations of the blending theory only pervaded into the first offspring of two parents but not with the characteristics which Darwin could not explain, but Mendel did. This shows that the two scientists have two different theories on the same phenomenon because of the perception, emotion and reasoning are different to each other. But this paradigm could not be a promising in the future since paradigm always changing based on human being observations and assumptions that are mainly seize by our ways of knowing. The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool.   (Richard Feynman, American theoretical physicist, 1918-1988)  [8]   Even though sciences always give us the areas of uncertainty, but without sciences we would not be able to know the world. We could not see the things as they are without the existence of science. Whatever inadequacies as a way-of-knowing science may have are inadequacies caused by the fact that it is a human construct but there is no way-of-knowing created by humans will ever be entirely reliable, entirely precise, and entirely objective. The way we develop our scientific knowledge, science as a way-of-knowing is pragmatic. Thus, it must be consider as reliable, precise and objective. On the other hand, there is a scientist who models their claim on science for good reason. It also can be the most reliable way-of-knowing and be the best justified true belief if we are limiting ours way-of-knowing to the physical and world around us. Without our realisation, there is an absolute way-of-knowing in which justification is absolutely independent of observation. Plus, there is also an obs ervation that requires our justification that based on our way-of-knowing solely. Hence, the thing that we see and understand may do not need us to see them as they are but as we are. In conclusion, we do see things as we are but not as they are but just to a certain extent. All the areas of knowledge will help us to see and understand things more as they are but not as we are. Although there is some part that we as a human are not capable of seeing and understanding the thing as they are since our ways of knowledge can be deceiving but we can be guided by any theories in Mathematics and Sciences. Not only that, with the developing technologies we will eventually see and understanding things as they are and we can reassure our belief in the world.

Phillippe Jaques :: History

Phillippe Jaques When people hear the name Louis Riel, some fill up with anger, others fill up with a thankful sense of happiness, like me and my grandfather for example. Louis was Metis, this was the product of a Voyageur and Indian women having a child. The Metis were famed for their hunting and tracking abilities and were often employed individuals or groups as guides or interpreters. Their farming tradition had its roots in the Red River settlement of Manitoba. Following the massive exodus into Sasketchewan, the Metis again established farms and homesteads. The difficulties encountered by the Metis in gaining clear entitlement to their land and the intervention of land speculators when scrip was issued caused most Metis to lose possession of their farms. "York" boats played a major role in the fur trade industry as they replaced freight canoes on the main water systems of Canada in the late 19th century. They had a larger carrying capacity and required fewer men to operate them. This enabled furs to be transported faster and more economically than by canoe. It took eighteen men to run the York boats: a helmsman to give the orders for rowing, a man to steer and sixteen men to pull the oars. Sails were often used to catch favourable winds. The inland sailors who manned these boats were predominently the Metis men who worked for the fur companies. The The Voyageurs wanted to remain friends with these they married the Indian women. He was a man who stuck up for the rights of his people, such as my grandfather. In this essay I will tell you how Louis Riel contributed to the Confederation within the years 1869-1885, and how it affected my life. I was born on a very cold night on November 16, 1867. I grew up in a very poor family, we barley had enough food for my four other brothers and sisters, and my grandmother. We had to take my grandmother in our home because my grandfather, at the time had to fight with the other metis people to try to get us some reasonable rights. My grandfather, Phillippe Jaques, looked up to, and respected Louis Reil greatly, that's why Phillippe went through this journey with Louis. The reason that Phillippe respected Louis so much was because Louis Reil stood up for everything that he belived in. In 1821 the Hudson Bay company had created a union with the first nations people.